Location: Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
Pilot Leaders: BGU/IITM
Pilot Status: One pilot module with a capacity 2 m3/day was installed at IIT Madras campus sewage treatment plant (STP) in January 2022 and been monitored since the installation. Automation of the first pilot module was finished recently and now it is running completely automated. Second pilot module will be installed in a municipal STP at Nesepakkam, Chennai by 15th August 2022.

Water challenge in this location: Tamil Nadu is a drought prone area where it is difficult for residents to get sufficient drinking water. Secondary wastewater is considered today a promising source for potable applications, but nevertheless there is a need for additional treatment steps to overcome the social stigma of using this source for potable use. For this purpose, it is stored in water bodies, followed by treating to meet the stringent drinking water standards During the surface water recharging, nitrate removal to a sufficiently low level is required to avoid the eutrophication and further toxification of the water.

Benefits of the technology: Providing a treatment system that reduces the residual nitrogen-based nutrients significantly increases usability of the treated secondary and tertiary effluents. The main advantages of the technology include:

• Bioreactor kept separate from the water treated – so no need to remove back-contamination of bacteria or organic load;
• Simple to operate – just two process flow streams and simple controls for pH;
• It is flexible in that multiple modules in parallel allow increase in capacity and multiple modules in series allows to reach whatever extent of nitrate/nitrite removal that is required;
• More energy efficiency compared to other existing methods as no external energy is required for the separation process.

Potential for India: Greatly reduce health risks of using recycled water for drinking – many supplies are presently compromised, and this would help to provide safe drinking from these supplies

Scope of replication/upscaling across India: Treated wastewater has a great potential for reuse as a drinking water source. Currently, membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) are used for treating wastewater for drinking purposes which results in a lot of reject and high maintenance costs. Hence, such a system can be used as an add on units to any existing wastewater treatment plant with excess nitrate and nitrite levels.

Main outcomes: Increase in the reuse potential of treated wastewater, cope up with increasing drinking water demand and solution to prevent to eutrophication of the water bodies.

Public deliverables: Pilot scale system, performance report and standard operating procedure (SOP).

Other public materials: Technological details.

Location: Burhanpur (Madhya Pradesh)
Pilot Leaders: CENTA/CEMDS/NITIE

Water challenge in this location: An existing WWTP will be upgraded with a tertiary treatment.

Benefits of the technology: The aim is to provide a sustainable and robust tertiary treatment train which can be easily employed in the upgrading of obsolete existing STP or new ones. The combination of UV-LED lamps (lower energy costs) and chlorination guarantees the safe reuse of the reclaimed water (maintenance chlorination avoids the reactivation of pathogens after the UV- disinfection).

Potential for India: Decentralized wastewater treatment plants that do not provide sufficient treatment to provide safe reuse are very common across India. Therefore, there is a high potential for low cost post treatment systems to enhance effluents of existing treatment plants to be safe for reuse. In particular there is a high demand for agriculture to use safe treated wastewater as more than 60 percent of India’s irrigated agriculture is dependent on groundwater which is depleting fast in many areas. The implementation of low- cost and low O&M treatments for the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture, such as those included in this pilot action, will significantly contribute to reducing the negative effects derived from overexploitation of conventional resources and the drought on the agricultural sector of India.

Scope of replication/upscaling across India: As the technology will be locally constructed and implemented at an existing wastewater treatment plant there is a large demand for post treatment of existing treatment plants, there is a great potential for replication and up-scaling of this technology.